Use the Windows API function GetStockObject() to retrieve the device default font handle, and assign it to Printer.Font.Handle. Example:

uses Printers;
procedure TForm .Button Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  tm : TTextMetric;
  i : integer;
begin
  if PrintDialog .Execute then begin
    Printer.BeginDoc;
    Printer.Canvas.Font.Handle := GetStockObject(DEVICE_DEFAULT_FONT);
    GetTextMetrics(Printer.Canvas.Handle, tm);
    for i :=   to  0 do begin
      Printer.Canvas.TextOut( 00,
                             i * tm.tmHeight +
                             tm.tmExternalLeading,
                             'Test');
    end;
    Printer.EndDoc;
  end;
end;